aging

The 22 largest pension markets held about $68.3 trillion at the end of 2025, and the United States alone held roughly two-thirds. Measured against GDP, Denmark, Iceland, Switzerland, Canada, and the Netherlands lead. Here is how the rankings work and what they miss.

Japan has over 92,000 centenarians — more than any other country. But per capita, the Sardinian highlands of Italy and Okinawa, Japan have long puzzled scientists with longevity rates that exceed even national averages. These 'Blue Zones' reveal what extreme old age actually requires.

For most of history, aging was accepted as inevitable. A growing group of scientists now argue it's a biological process that can be understood, slowed, and perhaps reversed. Here's where the science actually stands.

Some scientists genuinely believe today's children could live for centuries. Here's what aging actually is, what we'd need to defeat it, and what a 1,000-year lifespan would mean for humanity.