electron

In 1896, Pieter Zeeman placed sodium flame between magnet poles and watched spectral lines split. The experiment revealed the electron's charge-to-mass ratio and earned the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics.

The double-slit experiment shows light and matter interfering like waves until which-path information exists, from Thomas Young to single electrons and atoms.

Robert Millikan suspended tiny oil drops between charged plates to measure the electron's charge. Here is exactly how he did it, what he found, and the controversy that followed.

In 1897, J.J. Thomson proved cathode rays are particles 1,800 times lighter than hydrogen. Learn how his cathode ray tube experiment discovered the electron.

Tauri vs Electron compared: bundle size, performance, security, ecosystem. Which desktop framework should you choose in 2026?