OECD

Cuba has 9.54 physicians per 1,000 people — the highest doctor-to-population ratio of any large nation on earth. That is nearly three times the OECD average of 3.7, and more than six times the WHO's minimum recommended threshold of 1.5. Behind Cuba sit Monaco, Greece, Belgium, and Lithuania in a top five dominated by an unexpected mix of a Caribbean socialist state and small European nations.

Ivory Coast levies a top marginal personal income tax rate of 60% — the highest statutory rate in the world. Denmark (57%), Austria (55%), and Sweden (52%) follow among the wealthy nations that combine high rates with extensive public services. The United States tops out at 37% federally, though state taxes push effective top rates higher in California and New York. This ranking covers the top countries by statutory top marginal rate, with methodology, caveats, and what the numbers actually mean for workers.

New Zealand and the US top the OECD childcare cost rankings, with net childcare expenses consuming 30–32% of an average couple's earnings. In Germany, the same costs amount to 1% of earnings. Denmark's 97% childcare enrollment and heavily subsidised system is the benchmark other countries reference. Childcare affordability is one of the least-discussed drivers of the gender pay gap, female workforce participation, and birth rates.