tissue-repair

Wound healing is a four-stage biological process triggered immediately after injury and lasting weeks to years. Within seconds, platelets plug the wound; within hours, immune cells flood the area and initiate inflammation; over days to weeks, fibroblasts synthesize collagen and new blood vessels form; over months to years, tissue remodels and scars form. Despite apparent simplicity, the process involves coordinated signaling across dozens of cell types, growth factors, and immune mechanisms. Understanding wound healing is critical for treating chronic wounds (affecting 2 percent of the global population) and improving outcomes after surgery, trauma, and burn injuries.