biomarkers

Epigenetic clocks estimate aging from DNA methylation. See how Horvath, PhenoAge, GrimAge and DunedinPACE differ, and why a clock score is not a diagnosis.

Liquid biopsy reads tumor DNA, cells and vesicles in blood. See what ctDNA can show, where evidence is strong, and why it does not replace tissue biopsy.

AI is combing through genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data to identify novel biomarkers—measurable biological signals that predict disease, drug response, and patient outcomes.