gene-expression

How RNA went from a presumed middleman between DNA and protein to a molecule that carries messages, builds proteins, catalyzes reactions, and tunes genes.

NASA's Twins Study, GeneLab rodent missions, and single-cell astronaut data show how removing gravity rewrites gene activity — and what that reveals about immunity, aging, and disease on Earth.

A gene isn't a single thing in your body. It's a stretch of DNA that cells read to make a protein or functional RNA, switched on and off by cell type, timing, and signals. Here's how genes really work.

DNA is the instruction manual for every living thing. Here's how its four-letter code builds proteins, copies itself, and passes traits from parent to child — explained in plain language.