obesity

Type 2 diabetes starts with insulin resistance and failing beta cells. See the biology, what remission trials show, and how treatments target each step.

Obesity is a chronic disease shaped by hormones, brain, and environment. See how leptin, insulin resistance, and visceral fat drive metabolic syndrome.

How GLP-1 drugs like Ozempic, Wegovy, and Mounjaro work: gut-hormone biology, trial results on weight and heart risk, side effects, and open questions.

589 million adults now have diabetes — 1 in 9 globally. China has 148 million cases, the most of any country. Pakistan's age-standardised prevalence rate of 31.4% means nearly 1 in 3 adults is diabetic. The IDF's 2025 Atlas projects 853 million by 2050. Here is the full country-by-country breakdown and what drives these numbers.

Nauru has a 61% obesity rate — the highest in the world. Pacific Island nations dominate the top of the global obesity rankings. More than 1 billion people worldwide are now classified as obese, and rates are rising fastest in low- and middle-income countries. Here are the data and the reasons.