biotechnology

CRISPR turned a bacterial immune system into a gene-editing tool. This article explains the discovery, mechanism, clinical results, and ethical stakes.

CRISPR has produced its first approved cures for sickle cell disease and beta-thalassemia. Here's what's real, what's coming, and what remains hype in 2026.

From bacterial immune system to approved therapies: how CRISPR-Cas9, base editing, and prime editing are rewriting the genetic code of medicine.

AI models like AlphaFold, RFdiffusion, and Evo now design proteins and DNA sequences that never existed in nature. Here's how they work and where they fall short.

How scientists insert foreign genes into organisms creating transgenic plants, animals and microbes with novel traits

How modified mRNA and lipid nanoparticles enabled rapid COVID-19 vaccine development, building on 30 years of foundational research by Katalin Karikó and others.

How scientists engineer entire organisms with synthetic genomes creating biological machines for medicine and industry