coral-reefs

How coral animals build reefs, their algae symbiosis, why bleaching happens, and what conservation can still save. Learn the science, key examples, and...

Ocean acidification changes seawater chemistry as carbon dioxide dissolves. Learn what pH means, how shells are affected, and why local conditions matter.

Australia's Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest coral structure at 348,000 km². Indonesia has the most coral biodiversity. But 50% of the world's coral reefs have died since 1950 — bleaching events driven by ocean warming are accelerating. Here's the full coral reef ranking and the scale of the crisis.

The United Kingdom protects 8.1 million km² of ocean — the most of any country. Australia's Great Barrier Reef Marine Park is the world's largest single MPA. The global target is 30% of oceans protected by 2030 (30x30). Currently only 8% is protected. Here's the full marine protection ranking.