energy-transition

China used about 10,070 TWh of electricity in 2024, roughly a third of the world's total, followed by the United States and India. This ranking uses Ember data for 2024, adds per-person figures, and explains what drives the gaps.

How solar panels and wind turbines work, why their costs fell about 90%, how fast they are spreading, and what storage and grids must still solve.

Chile holds the largest lithium reserves at 9.2 million tonnes, ahead of Australia, China, Argentina, and the United States. Reserves, resources, and production tell three different stories.

A handful of countries already generate essentially all of their electricity from hydro, wind, solar, geothermal and bioenergy. This ranking uses Ember's generation data, with the year for every row, and explains why most leaders are hydro countries and what that means for everyone else.

China has about 641 GW of installed wind capacity, nearly half of the world's roughly 1,291 GW. The United States, Germany, India, and Brazil follow. Denmark ranks 17th by capacity but gets about 59% of its electricity from wind. Here is the 2025 ranking, what it measures, and what it leaves out.