flavivirus

Tick-borne encephalitis is a flavivirus infection mainly spread by Ixodes ticks. Three subtypes, a two-phase illness, effective vaccines, and why cases keep rising.

Japanese encephalitis virus spreads from pigs and herons through Culex mosquitoes. Learn the burden, symptoms, vaccines, and real traveler risk.

West Nile virus: mosquito transmission, bird reservoirs, neuroinvasive disease, the 1999 NYC outbreak, and why no human vaccine exists yet.

How yellow fever virus moves from monkeys to cities, why it attacks the liver, and how the 17D vaccine, a single dose, gives lifelong protection.

Zika virus explained: how it spreads, what it does in adults and in pregnancy, the 2015-2016 outbreak, and why no vaccine is licensed yet, per CDC and WHO.

How the four dengue serotypes infect cells, why a second infection can be worse, what WHO data show about the 2024 record year, and where dengue vaccines stand.