cosmology

A complete primer on dark matter — Vera Rubin's galaxy rotation curves, gravitational lensing, CMB, WIMP and axion candidates, what experiments have ruled out, the MOND debate, primordial black holes, and where the science stands in 2026.

Stephen Hawking's life, discoveries, and verified quirks: betting against his own theories, running over Prince Charles's toes, and flying weightless at 65.

The observable universe is 93 billion light-years across, but the real universe is far bigger — possibly infinite. Here's how we know.

How stars explode as supernovae — Type Ia, core-collapse, kilonovae, famous examples, and why every iron atom in your body came from one.

The Big Bang explained: evidence from Hubble's law, the CMB, and primordial element abundances, plus the timeline of cosmic history and the universe's fate.

What is dark matter and dark energy? Discover the invisible forces shaping 95% of the universe — from galaxy rotation curves to the accelerating cosmos.

Astronomy and cosmology explained: the Solar System, stars, black holes, galaxies, the Big Bang, exoplanets and how we observe, with a deep dive for each topic.

Galaxies are not eternal — they are born, grow through mergers, and eventually die. Here's how the universe built these island universes.

Hawking wasn't just a symbol of perseverance — he made fundamental discoveries about black holes that physicists are still trying to resolve today.

The Big Bang wasn't an explosion in space — it was an expansion of space itself. And the evidence for it is overwhelming.

There may be infinitely many universes where you made different choices. Here's what physics actually says about the multiverse.

Every atom of iron in your blood was forged inside a dying star. Here's the full life cycle that made you possible.