Latest Biology & Health News

How the eye and brain build color from light: cones, trichromacy, color constancy, color blindness, and why some animals see colors we cannot.

Discover how kidneys filter 180 liters of blood daily, regulate blood pressure, and what happens when they fail. Nephrons, RAAS, dialysis explained.

How insulin controls blood glucose, why type 1 and type 2 diabetes differ, and how treatment moved from animal extracts to pumps, drugs, and stem cells.

What proteins, carbohydrates, and fats actually do in the body, how many calories each delivers, and which diet approaches the evidence supports.

How the ear turns air pressure waves into the experience of sound — outer, middle, and inner ear anatomy, cochlear mechanics, and hearing loss.

ABO and Rh blood groups explained — antigens, antibodies, inheritance, transfusion compatibility, and whether blood type can be changed.

Proteins are chains of 20 amino acids that fold into 3D shapes powering every cell. Learn structure levels, the genetic code, folding, and AlphaFold.

Neurons, action potentials, brain regions, plasticity, and the science behind consciousness — a clear neuroscience primer.

Dopamine isn't the pleasure molecule — it's the reward prediction signal. Pathways, receptors, Parkinson's, addiction, and the detox myth.

How hormones work: chemical messengers, receptors, feedback loops, key hormones such as insulin and cortisol, and the endocrine disorders that follow.

How cells divide for growth and reproduction, the phases of mitosis and meiosis, checkpoints, and what goes wrong in cancer and Down syndrome.

How the Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle, TCA) powers cells: 8 steps, inputs, outputs (NADH, FADH2, ATP), and regulation explained simply.