renewable-energy

Solar and wind output swings with the weather, but a grid must balance supply and demand every second. Here is what machine learning actually does for grid operators, which claims are documented, and where the limits are.

China had 1,827 GW of renewable power capacity at the end of 2024, 41% of the world total, per IRENA. See the top 20 countries by installed gigawatts and why capacity is not the same as generation.

A handful of countries already generate essentially all of their electricity from hydro, wind, solar, geothermal and bioenergy. This ranking uses Ember's generation data, with the year for every row, and explains why most leaders are hydro countries and what that means for everyone else.

China has about 641 GW of installed wind capacity, nearly half of the world's roughly 1,291 GW. The United States, Germany, India, and Brazil follow. Denmark ranks 17th by capacity but gets about 59% of its electricity from wind. Here is the 2025 ranking, what it measures, and what it leaves out.

Solar panels turn sunlight directly into electricity using the photoelectric effect. They're now the cheapest form of new power generation in most of the world. Here's how they work and whether they pay off.

Green hydrogen is made by splitting water with renewable electricity, so burning it releases only water. It is promising for industries that cannot easily electrify, but it is costly and wasteful elsewhere.

Solar and wind are cheap but not dispatchable. Grid-scale battery storage fills the gap for hours, not weeks. This article covers how the systems work, how fast costs fell, what Hornsdale and California showed, and where batteries still fall short.

A modern wind turbine is a 200-metre engineering marvel that converts moving air into electricity. Here's how they work, where they fit in the energy transition, and the realistic limits.