virus

Tick-borne encephalitis is a flavivirus infection mainly spread by Ixodes ticks. Three subtypes, a two-phase illness, effective vaccines, and why cases keep rising.

Japanese encephalitis virus spreads from pigs and herons through Culex mosquitoes. Learn the burden, symptoms, vaccines, and real traveler risk.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is a tick-borne virus with a 10 to 40 percent reported fatality. How it spreads, how it progresses, and what treats it.

Chikungunya virus explained: how this mosquito-borne alphavirus spreads, why it causes lasting joint pain, how it differs from dengue, and what vaccines exist.

Zika virus explained: how it spreads, what it does in adults and in pregnancy, the 2015-2016 outbreak, and why no vaccine is licensed yet, per CDC and WHO.

Herpes viruses explained: how the nine human herpesviruses hide in nerve and immune cells for life, what each one causes, and why vaccines and cures are hard.

Norovirus explained: why this stomach bug spreads so easily, how it infects the gut, what works against it, and why there is still no vaccine in 2026.

Hepatitis B and C explained: how each virus infects liver cells, why HCV is curable in 8 to 12 weeks, and why HBV is suppressed but not yet cured.

Rabies virus explained: how it travels nerves to the brain, why symptoms are almost always fatal, and how wound care, vaccine, and immune globulin stop it.

How the four dengue serotypes infect cells, why a second infection can be worse, what WHO data show about the 2024 record year, and where dengue vaccines stand.

Mpox explained: how monkeypox virus infects cells, spreads, and caused two global emergencies in 2022 and 2024, plus vaccine and treatment evidence.

How HPV infects cells, how E6 and E7 proteins drive cervical and throat cancers, why most infections clear, and what vaccination and screening data show.